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The pencil looks broken or bend in water because of light refraction. When light passes from one medium (like air) into another. Discover why a pencil appears bent or broken in water. Learn how light refraction creates this classic optical illusion. When you see a pencil partially submerged in water, it may appear bent at the surface. This curious phenomenon. Water has a higher refractive index than air, so the light ray bends away from the normal as it enters air. This isn't just limited to. In this experiment, light first travels through the air which is easy to move through and then through the water, where it slows.
It appears bent because of refraction of light the bending of light when it moves from water to air. This small.
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